absolutism in europe Essay -- essays research papers

Absolutism affected the power + status of the European nobility depending on the field in which they lived. In England the power of the nobility increases due to a victory in the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution of 1658. However, in France, Louis xivs absolutist regime decreased the powers of the noble entirely heightened their material status. In Russia and in Prussia, the absolutist leaders of those countries modernized their nations + the nobility underwent a change, but it retained prestige + power. Charles I considered himself to be an absolute monarch in England in the 1630s. A large portion of the parliament dislikes him because they wanted to a greater extent of a say on the government and because the Protestant of the group disagreed with his Catholicism and ruling of the Anglican Church. The English Civil War crushed, + the parliament won, however, through Cromwells protectorate and the return of the Stuarts, Charles II and James II, it was not until 1688 t hat the Glorious Revolution placed William + Mary of Orange on the throne. They signed a Bill of Rights, which gave Parliament more power, and this gave the nobles a greater influence + responsibility in the government. It also stated that new tax could not be passed w/o parliamentary consent, another(prenominal) example of their increased power.However in France, the absolutist regime of Louis XIV took power away from the nobles. Although the nobles were exempt ...

Oneills Debate On Education :: essays research papers

ONeills Debate on Education     Students are not getting the Basic Knowledge needed to sidereal day due to thepoor upbringing and insufficiency of respect for the need of education.     In ONeills editorial his reason for this was because the students as awhole did not want their ignorance exposed. However, he forgot to include thatteachers are just as ignorant as the student. Give a teacher the same test andsee hoe much they remember about what they we taught some odd deed of yearsago. Its not safe to assume that because a person cant remember who the 31stpresident was, that they dont have the basics of gobble history . How manyteachers sack out the basics, if asked on the spot.     Lets Examine another quote from ONeills editorial in his opine CharieChaplin a classic movie star, and that because when asked about him no cardinal knowwho he was, Well , if the students didnt watch old TV shows on the late nightTV channel s then how would they know of Charlie? They dont cover a class inclassic television. There fore that question would be unfair to pit on the test.ONeills just assume that bothone is raised in the same back fuzee as him.Charles Darwin did not create gravity but he did believe in evolution. Theconcept that we were originated from organs to monkeys then humans. In churchwe stray out from that kind of talk "that is the devil trying to score yourmind" thats what they would say.     ONeill says "I broke the rules of this time-honored gam when Ipresented my English-composition students with an 86 question test the first dayof class." Know that all students think of doing the first day of class.Concentrating on a 86 question test is a common students retinal. The studentalways for every question read it through out and back and forward. ONeilltold the students that the students that it wouldnt be graded. Any time youtell students that, automatically tha t means just fill it out. As recollective as itget done. You cant go by a test like that for the simple fact that there isknow evidence each and every one gave it a true try. Sure they finished thetest but did they even read it. When students in the hall where stopped andasked to fill out the questions stated on the handout the results where the same.Charles Darwin invented electricity. Christ was born around Elviss birthday.The geographical part of the test was outstandingly wrong.

The Failure of Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res

The reality of AI, or artificial intelligence, is generally regarded to be a teleological fait accompli sooner or later, they argue, computers will actually think. Of course, with the backing of many a member of MITs Media Lab and corporate IT departments anywhere, this conclusion is unquestionable. I would here like to avoid downplaying the great strides made in recent years by computer technologists in promoting this evolutionary vision. But certain aspects of this technological revolution have, indeed, already been achieved. Parallels between current AI eschatology and the triumphs of one Clever Hans are striking both in terms of those creating the technology and that which expresses it.The story of Clever Hans is too famous to bear repeating in detail here, but one should be reminded that Hanss strength to do simple addition and subtraction was facilitated by his handler unconsciously giving him signals about how many times he should move his hoof to evoke the correct answer t o the questions put to him. This behavior was reinforced when the handler gave him food for correct answers. His equine intelligence is hardly surprising just on the root word of the facts alone similar miracles have been developed to exploit the grand smarts of pigeons, chicks, pigs - the what-have-you of the animal world - by many a diligent entrepreneur. What was extraordinary about Hanss fount was that the horses handler himself had no idea he was giving the subtle signals that led to the miraculous results. If the answer was five Hanss handler would inadvertently nod the correct moment of times and Hans would follow suit, clomping with his hoof five times, knowing full and well that this game of horsey-see-horsey-do would result in a tast... ...is cowardice. AI provides the succeeding(prenominal) great frontier. With paying attention modeling after the old one, learning from their new environments, with the downloading of current intelligences we will be able to gain some kind of perfection. Who else but us, now, should be the creators of the next world? After all, weve done such a good job with this one. Works CitedBusch-Snell, Alexandra. Temporal Cyberprojection Through Ultimate End-User Modeling. Studies in Contemporary Biomechanics 44 (1998) 90-120.Learnings a Cybervision. Proceedings in Cybernetics 4.1 (1999) 122-47.Phillipi, Phillip. The Alpha Centaurians a Comprehensive Study. New Punswick Knopfwurst, 2000. Smedley, Joshingua. Its Alive, By Me. Cyberjournal/Diss. Erstwhile Institute of Technology, 2002.Squeamous, Crampillion. Wonks in Cubeville. Progressive Work Studies 17 (2001) 10-22.

Essay --

Introduction (Background)It has been noticed that increasingly growing number of International students and employees within UK charter brought varieties into the provender commercialize where people can have more options when consuming food. Additionally, young adults nowadays argon more aware of eating healthily especially when they barely have spare time to cook for themselves and they would go for comparatively healthier options. We therefore considered start up a new business launching rice food ingatherings with the positioning thought of fast food have never been this healthy to catch up with the trend in todays food market after research regarding the fast food restaurant market in Newcastle City Centre area where less healthy and premium-priced fast food are abundant and we found a gap in the medium to low priced and more healthy section if we refer to the marketing map (appendix 1). Idea generation and screeningAccording to Kotler (2010), a new product increment begi ns with idea generation-the systematic search for new product ideas. The new business ideas are generated in the main from two sources i.e. external and internal idea sources. The former contains ideas from customers, competitor, distributors, suppliers etc. whereas the latter involves the R&D activities within a firm.After we have determined to disgrace the fast food market and have conducted research regarding this market in Newcastle City Centre area as our starting point, we generated several ideas including brand name, product concept, and food ranges and options etc. in a brainstorming with the feedback from market research. In this process we took the trends within fast food market and lifestyle of young adults into account. I presume brainstorming serves as an appropr... ...nces among differing groups of individuals. Additionally, business world is rapidly changing every day, so is market condition, marketing environment, and consumer behaviour etc. Therefore new-product development process should be altered accordingly. For instance, more attention will be paid to the issues including virus marketing, social media, online marketing, corporate social responsibility and environmental and respectable issues etc. As a result, in the near future, this process will be more customer-oriented with more factors of importance being taken into account in both product development stage and marketing strategy planning and implementing. Furthermore, new techniques in regards of better quantifying a success of a product concept and marketing plan should be invented within the process to reduce the potential risk of failure when the product is launched.

What is Typical of Lyrical Ballads Essay -- Wordsworth Coleridge Poems

What is Typical of lyrical BalladsThe group title of the set of rimes written by Wordsworth andColeridge presents an interesting starting point of analysis. The invent Lyrical Ballads is a paradox as the genres of lyrics andballads can be defined as in opposition to each other. A lyric isa verse about feeling addressed to the reader in a manner of privateand intimate conversation. A ballad is a narrative poem from ananonymous point of view, often relating to characters from public orhistorical events, much(prenominal) as war. Therefore the two genres are combinedunder the title Lyrical Ballads, signifying an unexpected andunusual style from Wordsworth and Coleridge. This is further evidencedby Wordsworth, who said the Lyrical Ballads should be seen as anexperiment, consisting of poems materially different from thoseunder the popular approbation present bestowed and that they may beread by some with a common dislike.One aspect of the style of Lyrical Ballads that caused frequen tly contemptat the time of publication is the simple language, an importantcharacteristic of the poems. Wordsworth tries to avoid the falsehoodof description, instead preferring to record reality in workadaylanguage rather than attempting a poetic diction. Unlike many of hiscontemporary poets, Wordsworth did not attempt an ornate and elevatedpoetic style adorned with dissolute metaphors. However, this doesnot mean the language is colloquial, but that Wordsworth takes hislanguage and subjects from familiar smell hoping to show thelanguage really spoken by men. This is true for poems such as We areSeven in which the narrator meets a little cottage girl andquestions her about her sibling... ...There are many characteristics that permeate end-to-end each of thepoems in the Lyrical Ballads creating a style fundamentallyassociated with Wordsworth. These qualities have a number of differentintentions, for example the simple language and the reference toordinary life do not alienate r eaders from a less educated background.Wordsworths intention was for his poetry to be inclusive and theLyrical Ballads are infused with ordinary life, responses to loss,growing old and the fear of death. The poems also celebrate a view ofrural life and nature as a solution to industrialisation.Consequently, whilst many of the poems occupy to engage readers forentertainment purposes, some poems, such as Last of the Flock andSimon Lee not only offer a story of ordinary life but they providepolitical protests on the provisions for the poor and the old.

What is Typical of Lyrical Ballads Essay -- Wordsworth Coleridge Poems

What is Typical of Lyrical BalladsThe group title of the set of poems written by Wordsworth andColeridge presents an evoke starting point of analysis. Thephrase Lyrical Ballads is a paradox as the genres of lyrics and ballads can be defined as in opposition to each other. A lyric isa poem about feeling addressed to the reader in a manner of privateand intimate conversation. A ballad is a narrative poem from ananonymous point of view, often relating to characters from public orhistorical events, such as war. Therefore the two genres atomic number 18 combineunder the title Lyrical Ballads, signifying an unexpected andunusual style from Wordsworth and Coleridge. This is further evidencedby Wordsworth, who said the Lyrical Ballads should be seen as anexperiment, consisting of poems materially different from thoseunder the general approbation present bestowed and that they may beread by some with a common dislike.One facial gesture of the style of Lyrical Ballads that caused much cont emptat the time of publication is the ingenuous language, an importantcharacteristic of the poems. Wordsworth tries to avoid the falsehoodof description, instead preferring to register reality in ordinarylanguage rather than attempting a poetic diction. Unlike many of hiscontemporary poets, Wordsworth did not attempt an ornate and elevatedpoetic style adorned with extravagant metaphors. However, this doesnot mean the language is colloquial, but that Wordsworth takes hislanguage and subjects from ordinary life hoping to show thelanguage really spoken by men. This is true for poems such as We areSeven in which the narrator meets a little cottage girl andquestions her about her sibling... ...There are many characteristics that permeate throughout each of thepoems in the Lyrical Ballads creating a style fundamentallyassociated with Wordsworth. These qualities have a number of differentintentions, for example the simple language and the reference toordinary life do not alienate reader s from a less educated background.Wordsworths intention was for his poetry to be inclusive and theLyrical Ballads are infused with ordinary life, responses to loss,growing old and the fear of death. The poems also celebrate a view ofrural life and nature as a solution to industrialisation.Consequently, whilst many of the poems aim to engage readers forentertainment purposes, some poems, such as Last of the Flock andSimon Lee not only offer a story of ordinary life but they providepolitical protests on the provisions for the poor and the old.

Charity Begins at Home Essay

It is an old saying which holds good in every sphere of life, It performer that a persons first duty is to help the members of his accept family. Any act of goodness can be in the right deputation only if it spreads goodness totally around, but a good act moldiness be started from onenesss own environment. Everybody should do good to his family members first. kindliness to others at the cost of starvation at home cannot be appreciated. If a human ignores his family members and does good to others, he is most likely to be an object of ridicule. The family members atomic number 18 the first charge on ones resources.If somewhatbody is in a position to do some good or to extend some help or assistancemonetary or otherwiseto others, he must see to it that the members of his family are not left in deprivation. It is only later the needs of the members of the family are fully met, the help and assistance may be distributed among others. Here, too, there is a comparative priorityre lations, friends, community circle and so on and so forth. If we take the case of social repair, a man should first try to introduce reform in his own family. Instead, if without reforming his own family, he tries to reform others, people will not listen to him.He would rather end up in failure. It does not carry any weight if a arrange smoker advises others to give up smoking while he himself does not leave the same. It is better if one presents his Own example. Philanthropists donate money to educational institutions, hospitals and orphanages. unless before doing so, they must try to satisfy the needs of their family, relatives, friends and com-nunlty. A doctor must attened to the health problems of his own (tolly members before extending medical advice or assistance to pilot ladder begins at Home also means that unless a person is to his own family members, he cannot be expected to be good Others.The reasons are obvious. Family is the core of ones i is the immediate environme nt. The first responsibility of II towards his family. A man is alway more sincere to his lily than to any other person. A normal man cannot over-_ Ignore the family ties and responsibilities. If somebody Uself an exception, he is likely to be mocked at or looked by others. acts must have their beginnings from ones own or environment. nobody cleans others house before his own. Before lighting a candle in the temple Xhis own house. Before feeding others one does mily members. For all the good acts ones family One cannot rather do ood things to others in If one ignore ones own family in that regard. jtoo 11 equally applicable in the international field. Mil primary responsibility for its own people. It can do good to the whole world only after it has met the requirements of its own people. A country committed to the removal of povery in the world must first try to remove poverty of his own people. Beginning of disarmament must be made by the country itself before making a plea for world disarmament. It is no gain to call upon the people of the world to abandon war, if the country or the leader making this plea does not believe in peace.

Explain the reasons for the fall of the Romanovs

Explain the reasons for the fall of the Romanovs The cause of the fall of the Romanov dynasty in 1917 was a result of long-term causes including Tsar Alexanders inability to live up to his people and Tsar Nicholas IIs inability to rule to throne all together. The Bloody Sunday flatt, the war with Germany, Rasputin and Tsars bad decisions was also some of the causes which led the Romanovs to fall. It all began in 1894 when Alexander Ill, died leaving his son Nicholas II to become the tsar of Russia at the age of 26. Nicholas was married toAlexander the princess of Germany which they had 5 children, 4 girls and a boy. The only son Alexis was born(p) with hemophilia. Russia was a huge country with millions of extremely poor farming peasants. These peasants lived horrible lives, many were starting to wonder why the tsar had all the wealth and they had none. In 1905 Russian Revolution was sparked off by a peaceful protest held on January 22nd. Thousands of demonstrators such as student s, factory workers, revolutionaries, doctors and teachers marched through the cold and snow cover streets of StPetersburg to Winter Palace to protest about their lifestyle, led by a Russian Orthodox priest, Father Gapon. When the peaceful protestors arrived they were confronted by troops, which they fired on the crowd. later the firing had finished several hundred protestors lay dead, this event was called Bloody Sunday. In 1907 Nicholas and Alexander had asked a priest called Gregory yefimovich also known as Rasputin, to economic aid pray and care for their son Alexis when he became sick. He was the representation of everything that was wrong in the Russian autocracy, corrupt, and rrational.He was also considered an alcoholic, dirty charlatan who held control over millions of peoples lives, even though Russia had a fairly capable bureaucracy and thousands of well-educated, highly cultured nobles who were interested in local government and the rule of law. In 1914 Russia had enter ed in WWI, repairing the partition between the tsar and his people. Russia was not welled prepared, they still wasnt industrialized. They were fighting with swords, cannons, and horses against machine guns.It was very difficult to get medicine, ammunition, and even food to the ront of the armies because railways were incomplete and Just stopped onwards reaching their supposed destination, the result caused many soldiers to starve. During this war Russia had lost over one million people as casualties and POWs. Militarily, it wasnt going too bad until in 191 5 Nicholas had decided to take control of the army himself. It was Rasputins and Alexandras advice that caused Nicholas to take personal control of the Russian Army, which wasnt a good idea as he had no military strategic training.He travelled to the army headquarters in Mogilev, 500km way from Petrograd which led to Tsar Wife Alexander in charge while he was away at war. This caused stir between tsar and his people due to tsar not using the money to help the poor besides expense all their money on war. The Germans ended up overthrowing the Russians that people started to think Nikolas and Alexandra were German spies who were sabotaging the war effort. In conclusion the fall of where all peasants marched peacefully but concluded with many deaths, Rasputin and how he convinced tsar to do things, and the tsar bad decision associated also with WW1 against Germany.

Americans win the War of Independence Essay

Before the first shots were ardord in the American contend of license, very few people gave the Americans (also known as the colonists or patriots) a chance. Britain had a population of 11 million compared to the patriots 2.5 million of whom 20% were slaves. Furtherto a greater extent Britain had the most powerful navy in the world, an experienced and well-armed standing army of 48,000 hands and the bet on of tens of constant of gravitations of loyalists and Indian tribes. Britain also held the economic advantage as they could rely on the profits from the South Atlantic system and the industrial revolution. So at the beginning of the war, an American victory seemed distinctly unlikely for American forces weak and British forces and naval power enormous by comparison.iForeign assistant obtained by the colonists was extremely measurable in their victory. In 1776 France extended a secret loan to the colonies and supplied them with gunpowder. These loans of gunpowder were extre mely important in enabling the patriots to whacking Britain in the Battle of Saratoga. In February 1778 France and America signed The Treaty of Alliance that stated once France entered the war against Britain, there would be no more treaties to begin with the colonists gained liberty, sovereignty and independence.ii The treaty also opened both nations ports to the others commerce and guaranteed cut possessions in the New World. Therefore this alliance was very important as it brought optimism and boosted the esprit de corps of the patriots. As one soldier from Pennsylvania said, There has been a great change in this state since the news from France.France gave money, supplies and in the last phase of the war, military force. France supplied most of the muskets, bayonets and canons employ by the colonists and without French aid it is debatable if they could have won the war. For example at the Battle of siege of Yorktown in 1781, 20 French war ships prevented Cornwallis escape an d led to the surrender of the British force and the end of the war.Furthermore Frances participation in the war and Vergennes (French foreignminister) influence was a big ingredient in persuading other countries to join the American war effort. In 1779 and 1780, both Spain and Holland respectively entered against Great Britain and soon after Catherine of Russia organised the union of Armed Neutrality which when threatened by Britain in the early 1780s, responded by deterring British trade.So foreign aid was a very important factor in Americas victory as it is probable that they did non have the power to defeat the British on their own.The logistics of the war was a chip major reason for the Americans victory. Britain encountered many logistical problems in the war which all contributed in some way to its defeat. Howe thought that driving the American army from the affairfield in any landing field would return that area to loyalty to the crown or at least neutrality. However th is was not the case. Britain was and able to control areas that the military occupied so therefore when the army moved it had to abandon the area it previously occupied. As a result when a British force was defeated its only hope was to retreat to a fortified port and so if the navy was not there with its usual evoke power, the army would be in serious trouble, as exemplified with the Battle of Yorktown.Another logistical problem was that the British army could not expect supplies from any area it did not occupy and also the areas Britain did occupy were too small to provision the British army.iii Therefore they had to be dependent on supplies from Britain but even this was a good deal a major problem as the obtaining of these supplies was held up administratively. The British Treasury and Admiralty did not co-operate with each other to make provisioning efficient or effective. For example in 1776 Admiralty agents insisted that army suppliers be licensed and applications accompan ied by exact cargo manifests. Therefore, as ships were loaded at Cork and applications made in London, voyages could be decelerate for weeks and sometimes months and as a result hampered the British war effort.Britain also suffered a number of transport problems that further complicated proceedings. In October and November 1775, 36 come out ships loaded withhundreds of tons of food and supplies left Britain to make sure the 11,000 soldiers, sailors and marines in Boston would have a comfortable winter. However the ships witnessed some of the worst storms of the blow and many sunk, were captured or fled towards the West Indies. In the end only 13 supply ships reached Boston by which time most of the food had gone bad.iv So therefore transport problems are another logistical problem that contributed to Britains defeat.Food that did reach America created another problem for the British, as there were no good means to store or distribute the food. Therefore the food often sat on the ships holding them up when they could have been using upd for battle or getting more supplies.Logistical problems also hit the British army directly as they could only operate freely as prospicient as the supplies they could carry lasted. Therefore they had to move as soon as they ran out of supplies, even if it was not militarily expedient. So as the army was eternally moving it could not force an American army to battle, which created a big advantage for the colonists as they could decide when to fight.vSo overall Britain had to deal with many statistical distribution and converse problems and despite having more supplies than the enemy, because of the above problems this proved to be no advantage.A third major reason for the patriots victory rotated around the military strategy of both sides. On three notable occasions Britain made terrible mistakes in battle that contributed massively to their overall defeat. At the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775, Britain went against all acc epted military practice by attacking American forces on Breeds Hill, having to go up a steep and grassy hill in the open carrying sixty pound packs whilst the colonists were under cover. Of three British attacks, the colonists won both and Britain suffered a 50% exit of soldiers and didnt make another offensive for fourteen months. On top of this, the battle seriously strengthened American morale and gave Washington over a year to build an army and prepare for the next battle. viAt the Battle of Long Island in 1776 Britain made a massive strategic error of not exploiting their success. The British army had marched unexpected straight into the rear of the colonists and quickly forced a retreat. Britain had thousands of fresh troops available and had the momentum but allowed the colonists to escape from Brooklyn to Manhattan by boat. Therefore Britain lost their best chance of destroying the Continental army, capturing Washington and winning the war.viiThe final major military mista ke by Britain was in 1777 when General Howes plan to attack Philadelphia instead of going to Albany to help Burgoyne backfired when the Continental Congress fled Philadelphia. Therefore Burgoyne had to send further supplies and troops to support Howe instead of utilize them on his way to Albany. Howe underestimated the colonists ability to evade the British and made a massive mistake because Burgoyne needed those troops, supplies and Howes help at the Battle of Saratoga.In complete contrast, the colonists dis compete some sensitive tactics and strategies at vital times that proved extremely important in their victory in the war. During the collective battles known as the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, at fort Stanwix Britain were at first in control. However the patriots sent Hon Yost Schuyler to the fort and he promoted a superstition that caused the Indians to desert the fort and as a result caused the British to retreat to Oswego and abandon their siege. Therefore the great tactic s at Fort Stanwix proved vital as the British were previously in a great position in the battle.At Bennington, the patriots played another great deceit sending men disguised as loyalists to mingle with British troops. They went to the rear of the British army and when the patriots attacked they turned against the British. So again the great tactics shown by the Americans provided a massive victory and the British suffered huge casualties and loss of supplies that proved significant in the war.A final example of the great tactics used by the patriots was at FreemansFarm, when American riflemen forced a retreat in the first British assault after shooting from the tops of trees and then in the second assault caused huge losses to Burgoynes army after being situated on a low hill.viii This battle carried extra significance as the victory brought an American alliance with France, which as explained before was crucial in the outcome of the war.However, whilst discussing military strategy it is also important to acknowledge the role played by the terrain as a factor for Americas victory. Britain found it difficult to cope with the many rivers and poor roads that they encountered and there were no volumed open fields where the cavalry could manoeuvre. It was rare to see Britain using whole regiments and disciplined fire across open ground. The territory thus prevented Britain from moving quick to surround rebels and from making the most of their superior discipline in formal lines of battle. So therefore Americans benefited from their own familiar terrain. As they did not have the fire discipline or military expertise and skills to fight formal battles, it was suited to their guerrilla warfare type battle techniques.Washington was also crucial to the require and outcome of the war. By 1777 Washington had fought Howe five times and lost every one, however Washington never lost his army.ix He was a big strengthen force and from his militia experience, was excellent at managing an army and keeping it together. As a Southerner, Washington was also vital in bringing southern support into a war that originally was being fought mainly by New Englanders.However most importantly Washingtons tactics on two notable occasions were massive factors in the outcome of the war. First in 1776 at the Battle of Long Island, whilst in serious trouble, Washington enabled an escape for the colonists from Brooklyn to Manhattan by boat. In doing this, Washington prevented Britains best chance of winning the war.Secondly in Virginia in October 1781, Washington was influential in leading five thousand French and two thousand American troops across Pennsylvania into Virginia. Washington moved them so fast that Britain didnt even knowof the Yorktown attack until it was too late. This piece of military mastermind by Washington soon led to a British surrender and subsequently signalled the end of the war.The stern and possibly final major reason for the Americans victor y revolved around the contrasting motivation and passion of the two sides. The patriots were always spontaneous to continue fighting because they had a strong desire to win their independence and loved their homeland. On the other hand British soldiers were not fighting for a cause that directly affected them as they were in a country almost three thousand miles from home. Therefore as the war go along patriot fervour increased whereas British morale went down.In the colonies, the desire to fight the British was never in question. Before the outbreak of war Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense was able to sway public sentiment in favour of complete independence and against King Georges tyranny. During the revolution Paine continued to stir up enthusiasm and patriotism in America with The Crisis with comments such as, Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph.xTherefore The Crisis affe cted soldiers and civilians in all levels of society, increasing morale, confidence and belief. Paine marched with troops, understood them and kept them fighting under horrible circumstances. Thus, Paine played an important role in the patriots victory.Propaganda also played a big role in influencing public opinion. Anti-British cartoons were popular throughout the colonies and influenced the public. The inhumane preaching of American prisoners was a main topic of propaganda and there were many newspapers detailing atrocities by the British for example, the fact that more prisoners of war died than were killed in action. Therefore the use of propaganda was very influential and turned many loyalists against the British.So overall in conclusion, I have identified four major reasons why the Americans won the War of Independence. Foreign aid from France was vital through their money, supplies and military force. France also helped bring Spain and Holland into the war and without them t he colonists would have found it difficult to win. Secondly, Britain suffered many logistical problems including the obtaining and distributing of supplies and also communication problems. With regards to military strategy, Britain made a number of strategic errors and struggled to come to terms with the difficult terrain, whereas the colonists under the influential command of Washington made some excellent tactical decisions in battle. Finally the Americans displayed great motivation and passion to secure victory and independence and never lost their desire to fight. In contrast British soldiers were not directly affected whatever the result of war and this proved crucial.i Bonwick, Colin. The American Revolution (Macmillan, 1991) 86ii Henretta, James. America A Concise History (St. Martins, 1999) 147iii Bowler, Arthur. Logistics and the distress of the British Army in America 1775-1783 (Princeton, 1975) 239iv Perret, Geoffrey. A Country Made by War (Vintage Books, 1990) 20v Helle r, Charles. Americas First Battles 1776-1965 (Lawrence, 1986) 24vi Perret, 15vii Heller, 31viii Perret, 42ix Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America (Harper & Row, 1981) 179x Perret, 34BibliographyBailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Harvard College, 1967Bonwick, Colin. The American Revolution. Macmillan, 1991Bowler, Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America 1775-1783. Princeton, 1975Conway, Stephen. The War of American Independence 1775-1783. Arnold, 1995Heller, Charles. Americas First Battles 1776-1965. Lawrence, 1986Henretta, James. America A Concise History. St. Martins, 1999Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America. Harper & Row, 1981Perret, Geoffrey. A Country Made by War. Vintage Books, 1990

Red Brigade, Italian Terrorism

Red aggroup, redeeming(prenominal) Morning, Night, The Red Brigade emerged in 1968 in Italy, a time of social and governmental turbulence around the world. For the Red Brigades, their fight with the Italian state was the continuation of the fight that the Italian Left Wing Resistance waged against Nazi Fascism during the Second worldly concern War. Offspring of classic Marxist/Leninists, their fight was ideological, and they feared the resurgence of Fascism in Italy which they equated with the rise of Italian and European capitalism and its aging corporate leadership.Although they saw themselves as continuing the battle waged by their ancestor resistant fighters, to me, they seemed less interested in obtaining benefits for the workers they claimed to support, than in denouncing capitalism and demagoging their rigid view of a pure Marxism. The Red Brigade sought to create and deliver propaganda that would prepare students, workers, the proletariat, and masses for violent and syst ematic opposition to the bourgeois order. (Christian Science Monitor, 1978).While the rotatory predecessors of the Red Brigades, fought Nazism and Fascism to free Italy and Italians, Bellochio s movie Good Morning, Night presents a much starker and menacing Red Brigade that in 1968 lost its way as it lost its human beingity fit in to Bellochio. Bellochio says that while ideas are fundamental to a democracy and that political debate and demonstration a virtue, the killing of a human being in the bring up of ones ideals is lunacy, and reflects a lack of understanding of life, human reality, and of contemporary Italy.According to Bellochio the Red Brigades failure was the failure to recognize the complex choices in 1968 Italy, and their inability to salma hoagiedi along with a changing Italy. The Red Brigade were ideologues, uncompromising in their world view of a pure class struggle, and they were committed to undermine both other political view in Italy. Their uncompromising v iew was effective in attracting young, ideological followers and assisted the Brigade in garnering their initial power, scarce ultimately it led to their undoing.For in their intransigence and unrelenting purist view of a creation of a proletariat uprising, they increasingly disassociated themselves from the reality of the lives of most Italians. Ultimately, and in limited with the killing of Aldo Moro, they alienated themselves from the very working people upon whose support their revolution of the masses was dependent. Marco Bellochios Good Morning, Night demonstrates the Red Brigades intransigence and primitivete in describing them as being very far from reality.In the world view of Red Brigades founder Renato Curcio, the Brigade followed an political orientation and a doctrine that advocated armed violence against the capitalist state (Christian Science Monitor, March 17, 1978). The Red Brigade and their leadership were violent anti-capitalists, and they saw multinational co rporations as monsters preparing to devour the world (Raufer). Curio viewed the Red Brigade as true Marxists and he sought to re-create a socialist state along the lines of what Lenin had created in the Soviet Union, and Mao had created in China through the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Raufer, page 319). But in a post Lenin and Mao world where millions of slimy people had been instructed that poverty is not virtue and to get rich is noble, the Red Brigades dogma seemed well worn, particularly when it was communicated through a gun barrel, and resulted in the death of Aldo Moro, an admired leader. The Red Brigade viewed themselves as the evolution of inexorable historical and social forces, and that their ascendancy in Italy, and perhaps Europe was instinctive and inevitable.Curio believed that the Red Brigade would eventual become a key political force in Italy, and that the Brigade was destined through the natural evolution of the revolutionary forces begun by Lenin and Mao to le ad a social, economic and political revolution in Italy. Curio believed fervently that this was his and the Red Brigades mickle. These beliefs about the destiny of Curio and the Red Brigade in my view are what Bellochio assailed in his movie and in his comments that politics is the art of understanding reality.Bellachio says that Curios naive misreading of the Italian people and of humanity is fundamentally what led to the failure of the Red Brigade and their ultimate dissolution. In their targeting of Aldo Moro, The Red Brigades sought to prevent a historic compromise between the Communist Party and the Christian Social Democratic Party which would have created an alliance allowing the Communists to become a legitimate political force in the Italian Government.Even though this compromise would have allowed the Communists to have a voice in Government, the Red Brigades feared that the Christian Democrats would control the Communists and in so doing constrain the uprising of the pro letariat that Curio believed was its destiny. Curio believed that the pact between Moros Christian Democrats would enslave the working class with the help of communist revisionists (New York Times, 1978)In Good Morning, Night, Bellochio demonstrates the naivete of this belief, and ultimately the failure of this Red Brigades for they lost their ability to value human life. They believed that symbols were more important than people, and that there are no constraints on human behavior in social and political revolution. Bellochio believes, and demonstrates in Good Morning, Night that this is not so, and to de-humanize people in the name of revolution or any get under ones skin is a blindness that divorces the cause from real life and people, and therefore is doomed to fail.

On the Sidewalk Bleeding

Jean De La Fontaine once said Beware- so long as you live of judging men by their outward appearance, and this idea is beef up continually in the short story, on the sidewalk bleeding written by Evan hunter. The important idea was judgment and how we should non judge a reserve by its cover. I think this idea is worth learning active because too often in society we judge people without perspicacious them.The indite wants to communicate that you should not prejudge somebody for their looks and consider what is inside of them first. In the short story On the side walk bleeding the author has employed many techniques such as symbolism to help convey the idea Dont judge a book by its cover. The main symbol in this short story was the purple jacket with The Royals imprinted on the back which symbolized Andys loss of identity. Wearing the jacket meant that he was judged not as Andy but as a gang member in The Royals.He was not seen as his own person but judged base on those he associ ated with. This is shown when the couple noticed Andy lying helplessly on the ground, Freddie was prepared to help Andy but after he realized that he was a gang member, due to his fear and preconceived ideas, his willingness to aid Andy instantly perished, as he did not want to get mixed up in this. I erect this interesting because the couple based all their opinions on Andys jacket and not for who he really was.Freddie and Angelas response when discovering Andy as A Royal also interested me because no matter what group he is from or what type of clothing he get outs, if somebody in front you is anguish from pain, it is a wise idea to call for help as it may result in their death if they fail to do so. I could not rede how these people could be so inhumane and cold because of their personal feelings towards a particular group. This showed me how the jacket symbolizes judgment and illustrates how society judge people without cuting them at all.I think this idea is worth learning about because we should not base our opinion on what people wear and whom they associate with. This should not be what defines them it should be what is inside of them that counts. Another technique the author has used to portray the idea Dont judge a book by its cover is though the use of characters. When the policeman discovered who Andy was at the scene his attitude changed, A royal huh? Regardless of what had happened to Andy and despite Lauras insistence that his reference is Andy the first thing he did was open up a blank page on his black pad and wrote down A royal.This understandably supports the idea that the police officer was judging Andy based on his jacket and therefore felt no pity or emotion towards him. He did not regard him as an individual and viewed him as just A Royal- a gang member who cause trouble and who is harmful to society. I found this extremely interesting and I think it is worth learning about because it shows that often people like the policeman in the short story lavatory give up on seeking justice for a crime simply based on the judgment they make. This makes me think of all the crimes that may start gone unsolved simply because people deport made incorrect judgments.The key message, which has been communicated in On the sidewalk bleeding was that, it is not enough to straining an opinion on someone based on the way they look or who they mix with. What is inside and their personality is what really matters. It is important that person gets to know a person before making any prejudgments. Andy may have seemed like a typical gang member who trashes the town with bottles of alcohol and occupation stains but in reality he is nothing more than an average sixteen year old boy who wants to marry the girl he loves and have a lot of kids and move out of the neighborhood.These people need to realize that Andy is also a human being and it is immoral to judge somebody for what they wear and who they hang out with. It interests me b ecause as I read the story I realized that I often stereotype people for their outer appearances. If I axiom somebody walking towards me with leather jacket on with images of skulls and tattoos all over their body, I would instantly react and stereotype them.However after reading Andys story due to stereotyping and prejudgments, I have become conscious of the fact that you should never judge the value of a person before you know about them well. It is their personality and what is inside that matters the most. Everyone should respect a person for who they truly are and not discriminate them for their outward appearances. It may turn out that the people you cerebration was () might turn out to be one of the nicest people you have ever encountered.

An Effective Technique and Material in Learning English Essay

An Effective Technique and Material in Learning English English has an important role in many an(prenominal) aspects of life. This statement leads us to the reason of why this language should be taught in schools. In Indonesia, English is intentd as the first foreign language that should be learned by the students even from elementary school until university. In using the language, there ar many elements that have to be mastered, covering reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Song summons to a piece of music that have words and can be employ in language teaching.It is suggested to include rimes in language learning as well. The possibility of using songs in English as a foreign language class has been actively considered for the last two decades. It is considered because songs have many determine in language teaching. Orlova (2003), states that it is possible to suggest that among the methodological takes that songs ar used in class, it is possible to rank the following 1. Practicing the rhythm, stress and the intonation patterns of the English language. 2. principle vocabulary, especially in the vocabulary reinforcement stage 3.Teaching grammar. In this respect songs are especially favored by teachers while investigating the use of the tenses. 4. Teaching speaking. For this purpose, songs and mainly their lyrics are employed as a stimulus for class discussion 5. Teaching listening comprehension 6. Developing writing skills. For this purpose a song can be used in a variety of ways. From the songs, we can learn many things such as vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, writing, and of course reading. public assistance of Song Griffe (1992 4) arrests out some advantages in using songs and music in the language schoolroom.There are some categories mentioned by Griffe, namely in classroom atmosphere, cultural input, text and student interest. They are as follows 1. Songs create enjoyable classroom atmosphere Dealing with classroom atmosphere, s ongs and music can be used to make students relaxed and provide enjoyable classroom conditions. 2. They can introduce the culture of the songs. Either songs or music is reflection of the time and place that produce them. When the teacher brings songs into classroom, he will similarly bring the culture of the songs in the classroom. 3. Songs can be used as textsSongs also can be used as texts in the same way that a poem, short story or novel provided in the language classroom. From explanation above, songs have many benefits. Some of them are songs can motivate the students and make them more confident in their ability to listen the materials. The Criteria of Song Selection The important thing about choosing a song to do with a class is to make sure that the lyrics are clear. It can be very frustrating for the students not to understand a word. The recording should also be a good one. Lynch (2008), provides three principal song selection criteria, as follows 1.Use songs that are pop ular with the students whenever possible. Unfortunately, students frequently select songs for classroom use which are objectionable in some way making the song unusable. 2. Songs must have clear and understandable lyrics. Nothing is worse than a song almost nobody can understand. If you have trouble understanding the lyrics by listening, then another song needs to be selected. 3. Songs should have an take into account theme. Theres enough bad news, negativity and violence in the world already. Songs with any type of negative theme should be avoided. There are plenty of positive, upbeat, even humorous songs available.It is realized when teaching the students we should choose the songs with suitable level of difficulty. The suitability of the song is a particularly important issue. It should be cognize whether or not the students like the song. The use of Singing Procedure There are various ways of using songs in the classroom. The level of the students, the interests and the age of the learners, the grammar point to be studied, and the song itself have determinant roles on the procedure. Apart from them, it mainly depends on the creativity of the teacher. Some examples of these techniques are 1. Gap fills or close texts . revolve around questions 3. True-false statements 4. Put the lines into the correct sequence 5. Dictation 6. Add a final verse 7. Circle the antonyms/synonyms of the given words 8. Discuss Many experient textbook and methodology manual writers argue that songs have a great educational value. It cant be denied that children, teenagers, and adults like music. While they are interpret it, they are also doing other activities like learning, remembering new vocabulary, studying to pronounce words, etc. So, lets try to learn English by using song and get the result

Nora’s Individualism

Noras Individualism Women in the 19th century live in the shadows of men. They dont have occupations. Their gender role was to cook, clean, shop for the househ aged(prenominal), and to dish out for the children. They were expected to find a suitor this universe would take c be of the family financially. Women were submissive to their husbands back then. They didnt stand up for their rights or voice their opinions. Women catered to their husbands. Nora is submissive to Torvaldss needs. The pass is intimately Noras behavior to her husband. She submits to him and is a mother to their children.She is unhappy as a caretaker. She over enthusiastic personality throughout the play seems forced. She feels she has no purpose in liveliness, being a mother or homemaker isnt fulfilling her needs. She lacks being a mother the nannies constantly look after the children. She is searching for her true self subconsciously in the beginning of the play. Due to her upbringing, Nora has been raised to live under a man, to be submissive to them. Nora doesnt feel any other way than being an oppressed charwoman. The way Nora grew up influences her behavior now as an adult.She grew up wealthy, her father took care of her, and then she married Helmer at any early age. Nora says to Torvald When I lived at home with Papa, he gave me his opinion or so everything, she had the same opinions and if I didnt I keep my mouth conclude he wouldnt have standardizedd it. And then I came to live in your house. I was Just passed from Papas manpower to yours. You arranged everything according to your own taste, and I choose the same tastes as you. Or else I belie to (Ibsen 1167). Nora was raised by her father to live under a man.She transitioned from living with her father and now to her husband, Torvald. through and through this realization she isnt content with her well-being. Nora appears to be happy on the outside, she is not deep inside. Her personality is over magnified to all. Its apparent that it is ungenuine. She is quite giddy about small things, such as showing Torvald the items she bought. Nora says, But diminish here and let me show you what I bought. And all so cheap Look a cutting suit for Ivar, and a sword, a horse and a trumpet for Bob, and a doll and a dolls underside for Emily (Ibsen 1122).She doesnt ave anything exciting going on in her life, she has to focus on something no matter how minute it is. The all excitement she has is hiding the secret from Torvald. Which isnt excitement at all, she fears he testament find out about it. Thats why Nora keeps up her charade of shopping for her children and the household. Thats what she use to do before borrowing the money. This loan has wedded her purpose she has to find ways to pay it back. She has done side Jobs and started being more frugal about her money she gets from her husband. Through this experience she realizes she is nhappy in her marriage.Her husbands expectations of her are too high with a lack of experience and care for one another on an intimate level. She has to live up to her husbands standards of being a award wife. Nora is not satisfied with knowing that Torvald Just cares about the external appearance ot ner and the tamily, and not the passion they should package with each other. Torvald wants to have the appearance to others they are well put together. He focuses on small things like Nora dancing the Tarantella. It must be perfection in his eyes, he wouldnt settle for anything less.He makes her practice it numerous times and gets quickly frustrated with her when she doesnt perform the moves correctly. He should focus on her feelings, not worrying about his wifes outward appearance. Torvaldss narcissism makes it difficult for Nora to be happy in their marriage. She likes materialistic things but cares about her marriage more. She beat her signature on a formal document for a loan to travel to Italy to save her husbands life when he was ill. She s hows her love to him by getting this loan in secret and by taking care of their children.What has Torvald done lovingly for Nora? That is the issue he hasnt done anything loving or romantic for her. Women need their love shown by spending quality time together, not by getting money to buy gifts. Torvald sees providing for his wife as sustainable to keep their relationship going. Women like to hear that men love them and to be shown that they are loved through actions. Nora is unhappy with Torvaldss behavior. Their marriage is for show and spurious in Noras perspective, she is unhappy. She feels there is no bone marrow or closeness there.They dont share intimate details with one another. Torvald is always concerned about work, bandage Nora is looking after the children or preparing for an event they will attend in the near future. Torvald isnt aware of Noras sorrow in the most of the play because Nora masks her feelings. She expresses herself when she cant hold her feelings in abo ut their lack of a marriage anymore. Nora realizes that naught is going to change in her life and she wont settle for less. Nora has gone on for eight years doing what Torvald expects of her. She is unstrained to makes a change for her happiness.Nora begins to tell Torvald that their relationship lacks a good solid foundation based on trust and concern for one another mutually. Nora says you have never understood me. IVe been treated badly, first by Papa and now by you (Ibsen 1167). She has a husband who she hardly knows and wont accept it. She no yearlong has the busy in being a wife or a mother. She decides to leave it all to figure herself out. Nora tells Torvald, Duties to myself. I believe that first and foremost Im a human being, Just as you are, or at to the lowest degree I have to try to become one.I cant be satisfied with what most people say or with whats in books. I have to think things through for myself and come to understand them (Ibsen 1168). Nora has decided to leave her old life to discover a new one. She is willing to sacrifice her children for her happiness. What is more realistic? For a woman to have children and be in an unhappy marriage or abandon her children and pursue her desires? Nora pursues herself she no longer has interest in taking care of others. Nora leaving her husband in the 1800s is unheard of. Women didnt venture from their roles as a wife and a mother.Ibsens play got negative attention, being that his main character did the unthinkable at the end of the play leave her family for her goals. The play leads the audience to believe she doesnt need her husband anymore. That she is strong and will discover her needs and aspirations. Nora has gone through a transformation of being an oppressed women to now feel for about herself. She has had to make a drastic change to start a new Journey to determine her new goals. Im proud of Nora for standing up for herself. She went against the grain of all women and explor ed her drea ms.

Chinese philosophy Essay

On Earth we are pushed almost simultaneously in some sort of direction, opportunity, decision, etc. and when these situations present themselves we face dilemmas of how and why we should approach them in a definite manner according to moral precepts, short and long term goals, and social constraints. The teachings of Taoism are an excellent if not faultless life sentence guide for these dealings, because the Tao, or the mien, can be thought in impairment of a form of enlightenment or remedy for the humanly ways of this dry land.The Tao upholds the infixed proof that life is of the utmost magnificence and the most valued possession in life is intrinsically itself. In this arrogant experience of life we face constant movement for advancement of self and quality of life by technology and mentality, yet the Tao gestures a content and simple-minded life w present these processions arent the strives we engage to be making. The orchestrator of Taoism himself, Lao Tzu, it was sa id, the greatest Virtue is to follow the Tao and Tao alone (Tzu 10) which states of the Taos incomparability to lifes other moral and ghostly modules.Throughout this paper I will divulge the in the functions of simplicity and humbleness professed in Taoism as well as the utility of the Tao in nearly every aspect of life. History and Beginnings of Taoism Taoism is believed to have started in the 6th century B. C. E. by a former government worker who maintained the royal history during the reign of the Chou Dynasty. That keeper of the royal archives was named Lao Tzu and he became dreary from his work so left his occupation to pursue a different calling out west.It is speculated that upon his departure from the confines of China, a guard watching the border asked him to record all of his wisdom before he passed. With this incentive Lao Tzu sat down and wrote the Tao Te Ching, which was his only known work summing up to roughly 5,000 words and stave of in depth of the manner of the T ao and how it correlates to us, this life, and the worldly concern. It was Tzus only work (which some scholars dispute it was other sages compilation together and not one entity, Lao Tzu) whereupon he was never give awayn or recorded again. With this Taoism was born.To understand the manner of the Tao it needs to be understood what the Tao reflects and what the Tao is because that is the essence of the Tao, it just is. Essentially the Tao is the natural order and true way of life, it is an ultimately indescribable yet definable by dint of guidelines and the teachings written by Lao Tzu. Lao Tzu flush said in the first lines of the Tao Te Ching, The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao , signifying that telling and instruction of the Taoism is not genuine Tao because the Tao has to be lived and found out personally from person to person. Daoist ideasconsist of the joyous journey, physical immortality, intimate yoga, and in particular the aspiration to harmonize human life with the way of nature, here we see a connection to individual life and becoming one being of nature through this ecstatic journey, which is simple bliss in our voyage through while on this earth. While were here on orbiter Earth we arent really making the best out of it barely sooner coming to the realization that inherently this life is the best in the way it is.This simplicity is the vitality of our life, we need to let the roots of the real planet take over our life, and not submit to contaminated constraints of purchase order or contemporary lifestyles for, he is detached, thus at one with all where he is detached from societal conformity and thinking and one with all the underlying truth of the world. Intrinsically this universal way to life, that is the Tao, is perfect and flawless from times of sorrow to times of joy because like the Yin and Yang symbol from ancient Chinese finishing in life should be in accordance and equilibrium with the natural way of things.Ta ken as a whole the doctrine of the Tao is to combine with your original and eternal ancestry with this earth and just be. As I have mentioned the Tao is oriented around the union of our individual life and the eternal, ever-constant (in principle), and natural way of the earth. In the marriage of life and the way, the component that we are in control of( and I say control with sell because the Tao is not about control or absoluteness its about harmony and being taken up with your world) is our personal life and personality. This life right here and now is soimportant it gets taken for granted and disregarded so often due to the unnatural ways society pushes us. Without this life we wouldnt have anything, any reality, any fun or depression, no anything. For this basic reason alone our time here in this existence, our life, is our ultimate possession in this life is this life. The opportunity to live unmingledly and partfully with the planets path is what our existence is about i s what the Tao Te Ching brings to light and from this truth it can be derived that our life is the our best achievement.A very prominent message that resounds throughout the Tao Te Ching and principles of Taoism is the importance of tutelage life basic and rudimentary in operation. This does not mean you are a buffoon and you should do nothing, but interpreted to common language lifestyles should be basic and not enthused by complicated thinking, personality, and actions. information is a big discrepancy with the Taoist thought pattern, a Tao sage wouldnt advocate for improvement in sciences. Yet with this in mind, Taoists were often scientists of China.Theirs was a different conception of science, based not on the exploration of the underlying laws of phenomena, but on the observation of the behavior of animals, plants, the elements, and the heavens. , more of a mild reflection for the reality around us and how it corresponds to the natural way things are and how we play a part in it as individuals. When we follow the flow of the Tao we are in sync with natures ever pure intentions and a simplistic life separated from convoluted ideals and standards set by humans to live by.To run across the Tao we have realized we should not strive for things, material or spiritual, but allow this essence of the world to become us by living in an effortless way. There is a self-gratification to simple living, Lao Tzu rejected scientific and technological progress he wrote that content people enjoy the application of their hands and dont waste time inventing labor-saving machines where we are content and reap the benefits of our work to extend in unison with the world.In this manner of simplicity life is lived how it was meant to be lived. Tantamount in importance for Taoism is dissent from popularity and splendor in your life. If we are to be simple beings in unity with nature soce we should not be crowding our heads with egoistical beliefs that our own supremacy is important. In the grand scheme of this planet we are a miniscule part but a part nonetheless, one who should surrender to the natural trend of the world. The ten thousand things rise and fall while the Self watches their return.They grow and flourish and then return to source, as explained by Lao Tzu we go about our business with highs and lows of attitude, status, and life in general but always return to the basis source where we originated from, and so we should avoid trying to effect up and improve because it is unnatural and we will just return to the basis anyway. This lifes poll is unattainable because it is not part of this journey, we shouldnt even try to achieve the high of our live through improvement of self because we are meant to be simple and just the way we are.To just be as a basic being is to be perfectly purposeful. Our time here on this planet is to cause that the way of the world is the Tao and is the force we adhere, it is the ultimate answer to our world. W e live here and now to follow the Tao and be content with our life as it is the most important thing we harbor. It is a basic life but thats more than okay, we should have a life of no achievements because those could lead ultimately to downfalls and an unnatural course in our life going against the Tao of the world.Always unimportance in ourselves is key if we are to live harmoniously with this planet. Simplicity all around and submitting to the underlying but truly eternal and ultimate flow of the Tao is our purpose here and now, just be, no adjustments, just being. Works Cited Clarke, J. J. The Tao of the West Western Transformations of Taoist Thought. New York, NewYork Routledge, 2000. chump Goffman, Ken, Joy, Dan. Counter Culture Through The Ages From Abraham to Acid House. New York, U. S. A. Villard Books, 2004. Print Tzu, Lao. Tao Te Ching.Chinanp,nd. Print Welch, Holmes. Taoism The split of the Way. Toronto, Canada Beacon Paperback, 1966. Print. 1 . Sages, are wise teac her-like people regarded with high level experience and wisdom of the world and its ways. 2 . The Yin and Yang is a symbol resonating with ancient Chinese philosophy that represent the natural opposites much(prenominal) as dark and light, innovation and conservation, masculine and feminine, as they occur and have to be in counterbalance and coexistence with one another.

Explore how love and lovers is presented in Romeo and Juliet and The Labrotory Essay

Explore how complete and warmthrs is presented in Romeo and Juliet and The Labrotory. military mania. Love is a aspect of a deep sentimentalist or internal attachment to almostone, An intense seeing of deep affection. Love in Romeo and Juliet is a brutal, powerful emotion that captures individuals and catapults them against their world, and at times, against themselves. In The Laboratory go to bed is presented as a unpleasant feeling, filled with jealousy, obsession and overall revenge, which is also a dramatic soliloquy which evokes the audiences emotions. Love is another important thematic ingredient in Romeo and Juliet, which presents various types of get by the sensual, somatogenetic love embraced by the def remove the Traditional or contractual love represented by Paris and the passionate, romantic love of Romeo and Juliet. love is Too rude, Too boistrous, and it pricks like a thorn.In The science laboratory browning explores the jealousy and vengeful of someone disappointed in love, and how far they would travel to be riant themselves and happen upon their yellowish brown suffer who has previously made her suffer. In the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet we are introduced to Romeo and Benvolio. Romeo reminisces ab discover Rosaline which evokes the buffs experience of daydreaming about his beloved, simply in such(prenominal) a jumbled way, that its more frustrating than enjoyable.Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms However this scene presents that Romeo is in love with Rosalines beauty.Romeo receives nonreciprocal love which makes him feel melancholy and depressed. This great deal also be described as fickle love as he fall in and out love quickly. Romeo is in love with Rosaline at the start of the wager, which is presented as an infantile infatuation. Today, we might use the term puppy love to describe this. Romeos love for Rosaline is shallow and nonentity really believes that it will last, including Friar Laurence.Thou chi dst me oft for loving Rosaline Romeo is speaking in rhyme throughout this scene. He says, Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs, Being purged, a fire bubbling in lovers eyes. From this the reader may assume that Romeo takes love rattling seriously, it is also represents a uninspired form of love poetry. This may indicate that there is nothing special about his love with Rosaline. In this scene Romeo also uses oxymorons to describe his love for Rosaline. He describes love as sick wellness. This illustrates the idea that he is confused and not making any sense because he is talking in an irrational way. Benvolio tells Romeo to Examine other beauties.This quotationportrays the idea that maybe Benvolio has seen this before from Romeo and he deals the time will come in when Romeo will fall in love with another lady. The audience will feel that Romeo is acting like a lovesick teenager. Likewise in The Laboratory the women is suffering from unrequited love and is consumed with e vil and deformed thoughts. Shes feeling betrayed and paranoid she refers back to them as laughing at her, imagining her at church praying for her lover to return back to her. While they laugh, laugh at me, at me fled to the dearer William Shakespeare and Robert Browning both portray unrequited love and the different paths it leads to, as in Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is melancholy and sulking, however he is not doing anything to make the short letter better.Out of her favor where I am in love In The Laboratory the women is creating a baneful poison due to her partner cheating on her and her receiving unrequited love. The women deals with the situation in a very pitiless, demanding way. Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste Love surrounded by Romeo and Juliet is the main love represent in the bit. Our classic idea of romantic love is embodied in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare presents this as a quarter of nature, so strong that it transcends societal conventions. This idea is established in the plays prologue with the line a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life. Romeo and Juliet still love each other and dont let their abomination of each others family get in the way of their love.Love give me strength, and strength shall serve well afford. Romeo being hurt and melancholy at the scratch of the place make the audience doubtfulness does he truly feel love or not. Romeo falls for Juliet as soon as he sees her, Which Shakespeare describes as love at first sight. Did my heart love till now? Shake pointless also portrays that Romeo falls in love with Rosalines and Juliets appearances, due to it being love at first sight. He describes Rosaline as the moon which is beautiful but the moon always goes down when the sun rises who is Juliet.As a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear-Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear The alike as in The Laboratory the women believes her ex partner has feel in love with not the womens personality but her looks. Shes not little, no minion like me, That why she ensnared him this will never free both(prenominal) play and poem portray that the men have fell in love with the womens looks. Romeo falls for Juliet as soon as he sees her which obviously tells the readers that he fell in love at first sight with her beautiful reflection, likewise the man hascheated on left his partner to be with a more curvy women, again falling for her looks.A love we are introduced to in Romeo and Juliet is the love in the midst of Juliet and the harbor which is such of a mother and young lady, It portrays warmth, trust and laughter. Juliet loves her mother in a dutiful daughter way, but they do not have a warm, close relationship. All the nurse wants is for Juliet to be happy and this is why she helps in for get the family feud and helping Juliet marry Romeo. This effect Shakespeare portrays adds great effect and makes the relationship between Juliet and the Nurse similar to if the Nurse was the actual mother of Jul iet. I nursed her daughter that you talked withal.In the Laboratory no such love is presented. Its as if the women is alone in the world which is causing her to go insane. However it could also be said that the women is confiding in the old man, as he is the moreover one who knows about her plan as did the nurse with Juliets plan. She is so thrilled with her plan, she celebrates with the apothecary.You may coddle me, old man, on my mouth if you will Both Shake spare and Browning portray love in similar but different ways. Juliets affection with the nurse is positive and merry, with girlish talks, However The women in The Laboratory is showing love to the old man just for full filling her evil command. In The Laboratory and Romeo and Juliet impost plays a very large role. Paris love for Juliet in Romeo and Juliet is born out of tradition, not passion. He has identified her as a good candidate for a wife and approaches her bring forth to arrange the marriage. Although this was the tradition at the time, it also says something about Paris staid attitude towards love.Younger than she are happy mothers made. Also in The Laboratory Browning does not make any direct or uniform attacks on organized religion. He does not use any references to religion or tradition as it would of made the poem calm, and without them it gives the poem a more horrific, evil tone. Many of the friendships in the play are as sincere as Romeo and Juliets love for one another. The close relationships between Juliet and her Nurse, and between Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio are meaningful and heartfelt.They care deeply for another and protect each others honor this ultimately cost Mercutio his life. This platonic love is off plant by the sexual innuendos made by some characters particularly Juliets Nurse and Mercutio. Their view of love is earthy and purely sexual, creating an effective contrast with Romeo and Juliets romanticism. At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is very upset whi ch gives Mercutio and opportunity to involve humor and sex. Oer ladies lips, whos straight on kisses dream. He uses more sexual innuendo throughout the play when the subject of love is mentioned. The Nurse also links love and sex throughout the play. This is more marked when she finds out Juliet is to marry Romeo. We can see how excited she is about the physical opportunity for Juliet because she comments immediately on Romeos physical traits. His face be better than any mans.Although both Mercutio and the Nurse refer to the sexual act, the Nurses language is crude and lacks the refinement of Mercutios wit. Here Shakespeare presents to us a member of the reject classes, deprived from a formal education. Also Juliet awaits Romeo to consummate their marriage, she refers wholeheartedly to her sexual desires having bought the mansion of a love, but not yet possessed it suggesting that she recognizes the contractual element of marriage and desires to experience the physical side.Juliet also refers to whiteness as snow on a ravens back which implies that her virginal purity is set against the darkness of the blood that she will lose as her hymen is split. Love is portrayed, therefore, as being courtly and flirtatious in the early scenes but sexual and foreshadowing death in the later scenes. In The Laboratory there is no use of sexual language however the women believes that her partner and the women Elise commit sexual acts. Where they are, what they do they believe my tears flow The word flow could also be described as the women crying a river. Her tears as soon dried up and is happy by the end at the death of her rival and suffering of her lover.The language used in the Laboratory has various features such as alliteration, personification, metaphor etc. Alliteration is used to add affect and give the reader a repetitive sound. brand, burn up, bite, moisten and mash, poison to poison thee, prithee Also the use of exclamation marks shows excitement, and reinfor ces the delight. In the same way Shake pare has also used various literary devices. such as oxymorons Poor living corpse, closed in a dead mans tomb Dramatic irony, indeed, I never shall be satisfied / With Romeo, till I observe him-dead- etc.Poison is often the weapon of choice for female killers. It requires little or no physical strength to administer, and can be done secretly. It also leaves little evidence thus making it heavy to detect the culprit. In both Romeo and Juliet and The laboratory the females use poison, which leads to death. However Juliet also dies by suicide. and the women in The laboratory dies from the poison. Browning writes The delicate droplet, my whole fortunes fee showing that shes incredibly dedicated in getting this guy and shes spent her whole fortune on the poison and shes not qualifying to give up until the deed is complete. Romeo and Juliet has become forever associated with love.The play has become an iconic story of love and passion, and the na me Romeo is still used to describe young lovers. Shakespeares treatment of love in the play is complex and multifaceted. He uses love in its many guises to thread together the key relationships in the play. In the Laboratory the womens anger and revenge seems controlled as looking at the structure, all stanzas are end-stopped, indicating some clear structure and thought behind the lady. Hence, any sympathy we had for her almost disappears as she must know she is doing bad being that her state of mind is quite clear.

History, Architecture, and Significance of Islamic Mosques Essay

The Islamic mosque is a simple sacred egress of idolisation equivalent to the other religions places of idolise like the Catholic church. It is also considered as Allahs fundament on earth, which explains why it is such a sacred place. Like its counter move, the architectural design of Islamic mosques is greatly significant to the practices of Islamic religion. The mosque has also become one and only(a) of the Islamic worlds close to idolise symbols. History of Islamic Mosques The Mosques appeared around the Arabian Peninsula when the Islamic religion had been established.The first mosques were not like the ones that pack can mark today. These were just simple open-air spaces wherein Muslims can worship Allah. Over the course of a thousand years or so, it gradually evolved to the familiar places of worship that people may often see today. As the Islamic religion progressed and blow a fuseed, so did the mosques. The Islamic armies which expanded into other territories also b rought the mosques with them hence the mosque appeared in different parts of the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, Eurasia, and some parts of India.Trade also brought these mosques in these parts of the world, including some islands from South East Asia. The Design of Mosques The Architecture of Mosques has been greatly influenced by the different Arabic states which expand their territories (e. g. Ottomans, Persians). They brought their cultural architectural designs with them upon conquering an area. This explains why a lot of old mosquesthe ones that lasted throughout the Ancient and pump Agesvary in design, both interior and exterior.Even so, the general structure of mosques does not vary since every, if not most, mosque possess these crucial parts Minaret (tall slender towers), Domes, Prayer Hall, and Ablution Facilities. Makeshift mosques are exempted from this. The interior of the mosques would vary in design but most would generally possess the following Iwan, Sahn, Gardens , Arabesque, and Calligraphy. The Importance of the Mosques Mosques are generally places of worship for the Islamic people, making them sacred. The violation of its sanctity would often result to immediate executiona penalization fit for a grave crime.The mosque generally represents the house of Allah, their God, on earth Mosques are the houses of Allah and those believers who enter therein are the guests of Allah (Al Islam website, line 3). This shows how integral the mosque is for the Muslims. Since this is the house of Allah, it should be properly maintained and revered. This explains why Muslims would coin transfer their shoes and wash their feet before entering the mosque. Those who are non-Muslims, especially pagans, cannot enter this sacred place only because they follow a different set of beliefs.The mosque also has different functions besides serving as places of worship and prayer. One of these is various Ramadan events such as iftar dinners, in the evenings or after sunset. They would also invite the slight fortunate members of the Muslim community in order to share their blessings with them. Symbol of the Islamic World The mosque has been one of Islams greatest symbols. An Islam town or city, in the middle ages, or a community, in the contemporary period, can be immediately identified by the sight of Islamic mosquessince they follow the same geomorphological plan.Since the mosques are regarded as Allahs houses, they symbolize the core of Islam hence making them one of the most long-familiar symbols of the Islamic world. The religions long history has asserted this fact even further since most non-Muslims have identified these places in different mediums like history books, novels, and films. As the course of time would take its toll on the architectural design of the mosque, the traditional structural scheme, which entails the mosque in possessing the four most important parts or structures, remains the same.References Ahmadiyya Muslim Commu nity. (1995). The Holy Prophet on the importance of mosques. Retrieved action 30, 2009. Islam. com Inc. (2000). Mosques & its significance. Retrieved March 30, 2009. World History Project. (2002). The Mosque as a Symbol of Islamic Civilization. Retrieved March 30, 2009.

Explain Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication Essay

P4 Explain strategies utilise in health and genial care environments to switch ramparts to utile dialogue Effective communication is part of the core skills required by any health and social care practiti wholenessrs to ensure that they are effective at meeting the needs of the passel who use the utilitys. In order to develop effective communication skills, practitioners need to be aware of and implement the use of communication theories. A wide range of communication theories exist to support effective communication between practitioners and people who use the services within health and social care environments.Language If the soulfulnesss starting language isnt English this can cause a huge barrier, especially if the soulfulness doesnt know a word of English. To overcome this barrier, it might be advisable for carers to apply for an advocate or translator to help this person feel more comfortable in the care setting.Speech difficulties or aphasia Aphasia is where a pe rson is physically unable to speak this may be due to a new stroke or some mental impairment. In this case, it is primal to use some other contour of communication other than verbal communication. Graphic or specialist forms of communication can be used to understand what the persons needs are.Confidence issues Someone who is very shy may not feel comfortable to verbally communicate their needs in this case, a carer would need to ensure the person had some other counsel of communicating e.g. Paper and pen to graphically communicate their needs. It is important for all clients to feel comfortable around carers, so they can communicate their needs efficaciously.Disabilities (physical, learning, mental) a person with a learning difficulty, depending on how severe, may predominate it hard to communicate non-verbally or graphically, therefore might find it easier to verbally communicate. A physical disability may prevent someone actually accessing the services they need, permit alone the care they need in this case, carers need to help those clients as much as possible. This could be make by a carer going into the persons home it could also be done by social workersproviding Meals-on-wheels services to those who are house-bound.Speech communities This is where people have a specific way of talking to people of the same age this can cause a barrier because a person may use language that a carer may not understand. This can also include checkup terminology or jargon if a doctor uses a lot of technical terms when describing a disease or illness to a patient, the patient is likely to not understand what is happening, so it is important for the doctor to use language that the patient understands.Timing A carer must choose the right period to go and communicate with a service drug user as they may not be fixate to receive important information or they may not be in right couch of mind. This would cause a barrier because they wont be able to correctly pr ocess the information. To overcome this barrier, the carer must ask the service user when would be the best time to talk.Environmental issues To communicate effectively with a service user, the environment must be right. Having noise, temperature too high or too small-scale, chimerical lighting or other people in the room can cause barriers to communication. To overcome this barrier you will need to make sure there is no background noise so that the service user is not distracted. Making sure the temperature is not too high or too low can cause barriers to communication as an unsuitable room temperature can make the service user feel uncomfortable. When giving information to a service user, make sure there is no one else in the room as this could make the service user feel uncomfortable.Sensory deprivation When running(a) in the health and social care sector, it is likely that youll come across service users who have a visual or consultation impairment, to overcome this barrie r you must make sure you know election methods of communication for example Sign language, otherwise it would be near impossible to communicate to the service user if he/she is deaf and you cant sign. You could also make sure service user has hearing aid turned on.

Compare kennedy and johnson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare kennedy and johnson - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the high-mindedness that sprouted up amongst the enthusiastic American youth during 1960s eventually turned into a extensive rebellion. Thus, the decade, although started with high hopes, ended with the horrors of division and disappointment. A comparison between the policies of President Kennedy and President bumson reveals the similarities and differences that led to their popularity with the masses. John F. Kennedy won presidency over Richard Nixon in the year 1960. He assured a new gear up of domestic crystallises called New termination for America that would cover reforms non only at home but also the supremacy in cold war. However, despite successfully creating his image as an intelligent and energetic leader, he approach legislative failures at the outset of his presidency. On the other hand, he managed to be triumphant in the cheers of tariff reductions to promote stinting growth in the country. He is nigh ly remembered for his efforts regarding tax cuts in the economic arena. However, his plans to increase federal aid in the field of education, medical care and urban renewal did not get accomplished. He became the president when the cold war was at its height. Thus, foreign policy initiatives occupy the supreme part of his agenda. John Kennedy succeeded in making himself the central focus of the entire nation and that is quite apparent from the reaction of American citizens to his cold blooded murder in 1963. Lyndon Johnson followed John F. Kennedy as the US president. The events tether to the assassination of President Kennedy landed him in the white house. His presidency is marked by the expansion in the roles of federal government. He set to complete the unfinished work of President Kennedys New Frontier by constructing his own outstanding reform program which was ultimately called the Great Society. He accumulated the largest reform agenda since the time of Roosevelts New Deal . He, later on, won the elections of 1964. This indicated that he had not just patrimonial White House but he had actually attained it through his policies and hard work. His government took several(prenominal) steps for the creation of social welfare programs in order to eradicate poverty from the American Society. The most prominent program was called as Medicare, aimed to help the elderly with their medical expenses. His policies regarding the revival of the decaying cities and schools, development of mass-transit system and the assignment of middle-income housing mark the height of his era. In an attempt to ensure racial equality, President Johnson abolished the national origins systems that gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe over those belonging to the other parts of the world apart from Europe. Both, John F. Kennedy and Johnson were exceedingly skilled politicians. Kennedy, on one hand, appeared polished and well-educated while, Johnson, on the other hand, was brash and straightforward. Kennedys indisposition in politics was outweighed by the Johnsons accomplishments, thereby making President Johnson more successful in pushing his policies through the congress. However, the events in Southeast Asia started to eclipse Johnsons achievements regarding domestic reforms. The funds meant for the war on poverty were, instead, directed towards the war in Vietnam. By the year 1969, President Johnsons hopes regarding domest

Exam 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Exam 2 - essay ExampleThis theoretical theoretical account posits that all these forms of bias bear monetary cost that result in lowering the wage level for women even where women and men have the same productive capacity.Statistical discrepancy theory refers to the use of statistics real or assumed by employers to predict the behavior of a event group of people and therefore use it as a basis to judge their capabilities, worth, employability and so on. For example an employer could judge the individual woman on the basis of their beliefs about what women do on average (Blau, Ferber, and Winkler 218).The overcrowding model proposes that wear out market discrimination results when particular groups crowd to particular jobs either as preference or out of lack of alternatives which results in an over egress of labor for the few jobs available. Here, the market law of demand and supply makes that group disadvantaged in terms of wages.Finally, the institutional model states that d iscrimination arises from rigid, internal institutional structures and carrying out of normal everyday operations of the firm. The institutional model advances that organizations have primary / core jobs and secondary / non-core jobs which press different levels of growth, benefits and so on. Thus the tract within which an individual starts her career, under the normal company policies, ends up affecting her career progression, wages and benefits and so on (Blau, Ferber, and Winkler 223).The major pieces of legislation enacted in the U.S. to tackle labor market discrimination are the Equal Pay cloak of 1963 and Title heptad of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 focused on eliminating wage discrimination for the same job in the same firm and did not address discrimination in hiring, promotion, training programs, and so on. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was more

OJ Simpson Trail Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

OJ Simpson Trail Analysis - Case Study ExampleAs for the blood sample, the substantial killer had spilt blood near the garment prints at Bundy. Secondly, the blood that had been spilt at Bundy matched Simpsons blood type. The sobriety of the matter here is that a paltry 0.5% of the population would match with this sample. Again, Simpson had sustained fresh cuts on his leave hand, after Nicole browned and Ronald Goldmans murder. The same blood type was also found in bronco and in foyer and master bedroom to Simpsons home. Again, the same blood type was found in Simpsons driveway. There was also blood type found on Simpsons socks in O.J. Simpsons home. The blood type on Simpsons socks matched Nicoles. As can be seen in The Trial of O. J. Simpson the incriminatory Evidence (2013), the glove evidence also heavily implicates Simpson. For one, a go forth-hand glove was found left at Bundy. The right-hand glove was found at Simpsons residence. Again, the gloves were Aris gloves, and were size XL. Again, in 1990, Nicole chocolate-brown had purchased a pair of Aris XL gloves at Bloomingdale. Importantly, from 1990 to June 1994, O. J. Simpson had been wearing Aris Light gloves of size XL. As if the foregoing is not enough, the shoe evidence directly implicated O. J. Simpson. The shoe prints that were found at Bundy were from a size 12 Bruno Magli shoe. Again, the enclothe had and left a bloody impression on Bronco carpet and the impression was consistent with a Magli shoe. Importantly and interestingly, Simpson wore a size 12 Bruno Magli shoes. Again, it is important and interesting that the driver who was to take Simpson to the airport could uncomplete see nor reach Bronco and when phone c entirelys began getting through to Simpson, there were peculiar reactions from Simpson, revealing Nicole Browns death. Prima facie evidence on the other hand is the evidence that when uncontested, would establish a situation or bring about a presumption of a fact. In this c ase, the fact is that O. J. Simpsons ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and a waiter Ronald Lyle Goldman. Secondly, there are indications that O.J. Simpsons actions may have caused the deaths of the two. First, at 936 PM, Kato was seen by Kato Kaelin wearing a dark sweat suit. At 1040 PM, 1043 PM and 1049 PM, Allan Park unsuccessfully tries to get to Simpson through his intercom. Between 1050 and 1051, Kato Kaelin heard three thumps on the wall outside his room. Again, at 1054, Allan Park maxim a six-feet tall man weighing about and 200 pounds and in dark clothes, walking crossways Simpson residences driveway. At 1055, Simpson lied to Allan Park about his whereabouts. All these developments are declarative mood of Simpsons identity and an unclear conscience. The applicable code that the prosecution was brought under is public good. The prosecution hold that the case was for the public good and that to this effect, justice is dispensed with equal measure and even-handedly. For this, th e case was titled, People of the submit of California vs. O.J. Simpson. The prosecution also ensured that s/he is not engaging an unrepresented accused and that the accused is accorded all his pretrial rights like the right to a preliminary hearing. It is for this case that O. J. Simpson had a solid defense

International criminal law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

transnational flagitious law - Essay Examplethat has broken out in Asterixia since 1999, there is evidence exist that gross human rights violations have taken place - crimes against manhood6 or crimes committed at heart the context of a war situation. In assessing the criminal liability that will accrue upon the state of Asterixia, the furnish of various international conventions must be considered while criminal liability of President Killinger and General Nipochet could countermand under the ICTY which has clearly spelt out the liabilities of a Commander for atrocities committed by subordinates and be adjudicated by dint of the ICC.The term crimes against humanity was first coined after the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks in 19157 however each(prenominal) such(prenominal) diplomatic initiatives after World War I to act on behalf of humanity proved inconclusive8. The supranational Military tribunal at Nuremberg was criticized on the basis of it being equivalent to im plement of justice by the victor9 however it was the first step to the setting up of an international forum to question State unsusceptibility in the case of international crimes.10 But as deGuzman points out, it was only after the establishment of the ad hoc tribunals at Yugoslavia in 1993 and Rwanda in 1994 that international justice has been activated11.The ICTY12 was authorized to bring to justice and prosecute those persons accuse of crimes against humanity when .directed against any civilian population.13 The ICTR on the other hand, came into being to tackle the heinous criminal natural process generated by the Rwandan conflict13a however both these tribunals have made it possible to try individuals for their crimes in an international criminal forum. The International criminal Court which came into being in 2002, has jurisdiction over nationals for crimes occurring on the territory of all states that have ratified the Rome Statute.14 Article 98(2) of the Rome Statute is spe cifically meant to protect against the ICC being used as a basis

Subprime Housing Loans Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subprime house Loans - Case Study ExampleThe selective information sources will come from vi facilitys of selective information. The aim of the selective information is to construct a set of borrower characteristics, lend characteristics, property characteristics, lender characteristics and macroeconomic variables. The commencement ceremony data series is the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data from 2000 to 2007. The aim is to stick individual loan level data (such as whether a loan isbeing accepted or rejected, loan amount, income, race and gender of the borrower, etc). The HMDA data is also utilize to derive measures of lender characteristics, the Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index of the numerate brochure and whether the lender is a bank. The second data set is the Department of Housing andUrban Developments (HUD) bring up of lenders that change in the subprime market to code each loan as being subprime or not. The thirda data set is the U.S. numerate data to derive Cen sus footpath level demographic, property and borrower characteristics. The Census data is matched to HMDA by state, county and Census pamphlet number. The fourth data set is from a major credit authority for tract median FICO score (MEDFICO) and debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which are widely accepted borrower risk variables used by owe bankers and brokers in their lending decision. The credit bureau data is also matched to HMDA data by state, county and Census tract number. ... The first data series is the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data from 2000 to 2007. The aim is to obtain individual loan level data (such as whether a loan isbeing accepted or rejected, loan amount, income, race and gender of the borrower, etc). The HMDA data is also used to derive measures of lender characteristics, the Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index of the Census tract and whether the lender is a bank. The second data set is the Department of Housing and Urban Developments (HUD) list of lenders that spe cialize in the subprime market to code each loan as being subprime or not. The thirda data set is the U.S. Census data to derive Census tract level demographic, property and borrower characteristics. The Census data is matched to HMDA by state, county and Census tract number. The fourth data set is from a major credit bureau for tract median FICO score (MEDFICO) and debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which are widely accepted borrower risk variables used by mortgage bankers and brokers in their lending decision. The credit bureau data is also matched to HMDA data by state, county and Census tract number. Fifth, I match the House Price Index (HPI) data from the Office Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) to HMDA data by year and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). This data is used to construct neighborhood house price appreciation rate, which is used to calculate the loan-to-value ratio (LTV). The sixth data set is the macroeconomic data from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Franci sco to control for macroeconomic risk.The methodology to be used is the single equation Probit regression.